Friday, 6 June 2014

3-Tier Architecture in .NET

Introduction to 3-Tier Architecture in .NET


How to create asp.net 3-tier architecture, I will explain and what the advantages and how to create 3-tier architecture. Firstly what are the uses of 3-tier architecture.

 Uses of 3-Tier Architecture

1.    To make application more understandable. 
2.    Easy to maintain, easy to modify application and maintain architecture.
If we use this 3-Tier application we can maintain our application in consistency manner.  
        Basically 3-tier architecture contains 3 layers
1.    Application Layer / Presentation Layer. 
2.    Business Access Layer (BAL) or Business Logic Layer (BLL). 
3.    Data Access Layer (DAL).
Here I will explain each layer with simple example that is User Registration

Application Layer or Presentation Layer

Presentation layer contains UI part of our application i.e., our aspx pages or input is taken from the user. This layer mainly used for User Interface purpose and get or set the data back and forth. Here I have designed my registration aspx page like this



This  my presentation layer for our project add new page to your project page and open the page in design mode and drag and drop the control and rename the controls properly. And double click on the Save button now in code behind we need to write statements to insert data into database this entire process related to Business Logic Layer and Data Access Layer.
Now we will discuss about Business Access Layer or Business Logic Layer 

Business Access Layer (BAL) or Business Logic Layer (BLL)

This layer contains our business logic, calculations related thing with the data like insert data, retrieve data and validating the data. This acts as an interface between Application layer and Data Access Layer.
Now I will explain this business logic layer with my sample
I have already finished form design (Application Layer) now I need to insert user details into database if user click on button save. Here user entering details like Username, password, First Name, Last Name, Email, phone no, Location. I need to insert all these 7 parameters to database. Here we are placing all of our database actions into data access layer (DAL) in this case we need to pass all these 7 parameters to data access layers.
In this scenario we will write one function, we will pass these 7 parameters to function like this
String Username= InserDetails (string Username, string Password, string Email, string Firstname, string Lastname, string phnno, string Location)
If we need this functionality in another button click there also we need to declare the parameters like string Username, string Password like this rite. If we place all these parameters into one place and use these parameters to pass values from application layer to data access layer by using single object to whenever we require how much coding will reduce think about it for this reason we will create entity layer or property layer this layer comes under sub group of our Business Logic layer.
Follow my instructions that are enough. Creation of the entity layer is very simple. 
Right click on your project web application---> select add new item ----> select class file in wizard --->give name as BEL.CS because here I am using this name click ok
 Open the BEL.CS class file declare the parameters like this in entity layer 
Don’t worry about code it’s very simple for looking it’s very big nothing is there just parameters declaration that’s all check I have declared whatever the parameters I need to pass to data access layer I have declared those parameters only 

BEL.CS


...................................................................................................................................




#region Variables

/// <summary>
/// User Registration Variables
/// </summary>
private string _UserName;
private string _Password;
private string _FirstName;
private string _LastName;
private string _Email;
private string _Phoneno;
private string _Location;
private string _Created_By;
#endregion


/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the <b>_UserName</b> attribute value.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The <b>_UserName</b> attribute value.</value>
public string UserName
{
get
{
return _UserName;
}
set
{
_UserName = value;
}
}


/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the <b>_Password</b> attribute value.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The <b>_Password</b> attribute value.</value>
public string Password
{
get
{
return _Password;
}
set
{
_Password = value;
}
}


/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the <b>_FirstName</b> attribute value.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The <b>_FirstName</b> attribute value.</value>
public string FirstName
{

get

{
return _FirstName;
}
set
{
_FirstName = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the <b>_LastName</b> attribute value.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The <b>_LastName</b> attribute value.</value>
public string LastName
{
get
{
return _LastName;
}
set
{
_LastName = value;
}
}


/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the <b>_Email</b> attribute value.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The <b>_Email</b> attribute value.</value>
public string Email
{
get
{
return _Email;
}
set
{
_Email = value;
}
}


/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the <b>_Phoneno</b> attribute value.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The <b>_Phoneno</b> attribute value.</value>
public string Phoneno
{
get
{
return _Phoneno;
}
set
{
_Phoneno = value;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the <b>_Location</b> attribute value.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The <b>_Location</b> attribute value.</value>
public string Location
{
get
{
return _Location;
}
set
{
_Location = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the <b>_Created_By</b> attribute value.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The <b>_Created_By</b> attribute value.</value>
public string Created_By
{
get
{
return _Created_By;
}
set
{
_Created_By = value;
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our parameters declaration is finished now I need to create Business logic layer how I have create it follow same process for add one class file now give name called BLL.CS. Here one point don’t forget this layer will act as only mediator between application layer and data access layer based on this assume what this layer contains. Now I am writing the following BLL.CS(Business Logic layer)

...................................................................................................................................

#region Insert UserInformationDetails
/// <summary>
/// Insert UserDetails
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objUserBEL"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string InsertUserDetails(BEL objUserDetails)
{
DAL objUserDAL = new DAL();
try
{
return objUserDAL.InsertUserInformation(objUserDetails);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
objUserDAL = null;
}
}
#endregion
Here if you observe above code you will get doubt regarding these
what is
BEL objUserDetails
DAL objUserDAL = new DAL();

...................................................................................................................................



and how this method comes
return objUserDAL.InsertUserInformation(objUserDetails);


Here BEL objUserDetails means we already created one class file called BEL.CS with some parameters have you got it now I am passing all these parameters to Data access Layer by simply create one object for our BEL class file 
What is about these statements I will explain about it in data access layer
DAL objUserDAL = new DAL();
return objUserDAL.InsertUserInformation(objUserDetails);


This DAL related our Data access layer. Check below information to know about that function and Data access layer

Data Access Layer (DAL)

Data Access Layer contains methods to connect with database and to perform insert, update, delete, get data from database based on our input data

I think its much data now directly I will enter into DAL
Create one more class file like same as above process and give name as DAL.CS
Write the following code in DAL class file
..................................................................................................................................

//SQL Connection string
string ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["LocalConnection"].ToString();
#region Insert User Details
/// <summary>
/// Insert Job Details
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objBELJobs"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string InsertUserInformation(BEL objBELUserDetails)
{
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString);
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("sp_userinformation", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
try
{
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@UserName",objBELUserDetails.UserName);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Password", objBELUserDetails.Password);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@FirstName", objBELUserDetails.FirstName);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@LastName", objBELUserDetails.LastName);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Email", objBELUserDetails.Email);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@PhoneNo", objBELUserDetails.Phoneno);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Location", objBELUserDetails.Location);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Created_By", objBELUserDetails.Created_By);
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ERROR", SqlDbType.Char, 500);
cmd.Parameters["@ERROR"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
string strMessage = (string) cmd.Parameters["@ERROR"].Value;
con.Close();
return strMessage;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
con.Dispose();
}
}
#endregion
..................................................................................................................................

Here if you observe above functionality I am getting all the parameters by simply creating BEL objBELUserDetails. If we create one entity file we can access all parameters throughout our project by simply creation of one object for that entity class based on this we can reduce redundancy of code and increase re usability

Observe above code have u seen this function before? in BLL.CS . I said, I will explain it later got it in DAL.CS I have created one function Insert User Information and using this one in BLL.CS by simply creating one object of DAL in BLL.CS.

Here you will get one doubt that is why BLL.CS we can use this DAL.CS directly into our code behind  we already discuss Business logic layer provide interface between DAL and Application layer by using this we can maintain consistency to our application.

Now our Business Logic Layer is ready and our Data Access layer is ready now how we can use this in our application layer write following code in your save button click like this
..................................................................................................................................

protected void btnsubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string Output = string.Empty;
if (txtpwd.Text == txtcnmpwd.Text)
{
BEL objUserBEL = new BEL();
objUserBEL.UserName = txtuser.Text;
objUserBEL.Password = txtpwd.Text;
objUserBEL.FirstName = txtfname.Text;
objUserBEL.LastName = txtlname.Text;
objUserBEL.Email = txtEmail.Text;
objUserBEL.Phoneno = txtphone.Text;
objUserBEL.Location = txtlocation.Text;
objUserBEL.Created_By = txtuser.Text;
BLL objUserBLL = new BLL();
Output = objUserBLL.InsertUserDetails(objUserBEL);

}
else
{
Page.RegisterStartupScript("UserMsg", "<Script language='javascript'>alert('" + "Password mismatch" +"');</script>");
}
lblErrorMsg.Text = Output;
}

...............................................................................................................................

Here if you observe I am passing all parameters using this BEL(Entity Layer) and we are calling the method InsertUserDetails by using this BLL(Business Logic Layer)

Now run your application test with debugger you can get clarity about this application flow.
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